The Myth Blog 網路部落

十八罗汉 是指佛教传说中十八位永住世间护持正法的阿罗汉。 十八罗汉 是十六罗汉加二尊者而来的, 十八罗汉 原只有十六罗汉，都是释迦牟尼的弟子，均是历史人物。十六罗汉主要流行于唐代，至唐末，开始出现 十八罗汉 ，到宋代时，则盛行 十八罗汉 了。 十八罗汉 的出现；可能与中国文化中对十八的传统偏好有关。 1. 降龙罗汉 ：庆友尊者，传说曾降伏恶龙。 2. 坐鹿罗汉 ：宾罗跋罗多尊者，曾乘鹿入皇宫劝喻国王学佛修行。 3. 举钵罗汉 ：迦诺迦跋厘隋阁，是一位托化缘的行者。 4. 过江罗汉 ：跋陀罗尊者，过江似蜻蜓点水。 5. 伏虎罗汉 ：宾头卢尊者，曾降伏过猛虎。 6. 静坐罗汉 ：诺距罗尊者，又为大力罗汉，因过去乃武士出身，故力大无穷。 7. 长眉罗汉 ：阿氏多尊者，传说出生时就有两条长眉。 8. 布袋罗汉 ：因揭陀尊者，常背一布袋笑口常开。 9. 看门罗汉 ：注茶半托迦尊者，为人尽忠职守。 10. 探手罗汉 ：半托迦尊者，因打坐完常只手举起伸懒腰，而得此名。 11. 沉思罗汉 ：罗怙罗尊者，佛陀十大弟子中，以密行居首. 12. 骑象罗汉 ：迦理迦尊者，本是一名驯象师。 13. 欢喜罗汉 ：迦诺伐蹉尊者，原是古印度一位雄辩家。 14. 笑狮罗汉 ：罗弗多尊者，原为猎人，因学佛不再杀生，狮子来谢，故有此名。 15. 开心罗汉 ：戍博迦尊者，曾袒露其心，使人觉知佛于心中。 16. 托塔罗汉 ：苏频陀，是佛陀所收最后一名弟子，他因怀念佛陀而常手托佛塔。 17. 芭蕉罗汉 ：伐那婆斯尊者，出家后常在芭蕉树下修行用功。 18. 挖耳罗汉 ：那迦犀那尊者，以论“耳根清净”闻名，故称挖耳罗汉。

罗汉是阿罗汉的简称，梵名Arhat。有杀贼，应供，无生的意思，是佛陀的得道弟子修行的一种果位。罗汉者皆身心六根清净，无明烦恼已断（杀贼）。已了脱生死，证入涅槃（无生）堪受人天恭敬供养（应供）。于寿命末尽前仍住世间梵行少欲，戒德清净，随缘教化度众。 在我国寺院中常供有十六、十八及五百罗汉。据唐代《法注记》载：佛陀临涅槃时，广作众生福田，故佛教丛林里常雕塑罗汉像，供养者众。十八罗汉是这十六罗汉外另加降龙、伏虎二罗汉而得名。而五百罗汉有两说，一是指佛陀在世时常随缘教化的五百大比丘众，二是佛陀涅槃后，结集佛教经典的五百大阿罗汉。 五代时高僧贯休大师，所绘的十六罗汉像姿态不拘，形骨奇特，胡貌梵相，曲尽其志，为罗汉画像中之名作。罗汉像因无经典仪轨依据，便随各代艺术家来创作表现。通常是剃发出家的比丘像，身着僧衣，简朴清净，姿态不拘，随意自在，反应出现实中清修梵行，睿智安祥的高僧德行。 据《法注记》所载：十六罗汉承佛敕命，永住世间守护正法，即一、迦诺迦跋厘惰阇，二、伐阇罗弗多，三、戍博迦，四、苏频陀，五、因揭陀，六、注茶半托迦，七、罗怙罗多，八、宾度罗跋多情阇，九、跋陀罗，十、迦诺迦代蹉，十一、伐那婆斯，十二、半托迦，十三、迦理迦，十四、那迦犀那，十五、诺距罗，十六、阿氏多，外加降龙、伏虎二尊者即为盛传于世的十八罗汉。 喜庆罗汉，尊者名迦诺迦伐蹉。他是古印度一位论师。论师即善于谈论佛学的演说家及雄辩家。曾有人问他“什么叫做喜？”，他解释说：由听觉、视觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉而感到的快乐谓之喜。又有人问他：“何谓之高庆？”他说：“不由耳眼口鼻手所感觉的快乐，就是高庆。例如诚心向佛，心觉佛在，即感快乐。”他在演说及辩论时，常带笑容，又因论喜庆而名闻天下，故名[喜庆罗汉]。 托塔罗汉，尊者名苏频陀，是佛祖释迦牟尼所收的最后的一位弟子。他修到五神通，又修得非非想及非想定。托塔罗汉不是托塔天王,托塔天王是菩萨，菩萨和罗汉有分别：菩萨是“大乘”修成的果，而罗汉则是“小乘”修成的果。塔，是取梵文“塔婆”一词的第一音而制成的中国字。在佛教传入中国以前，中国古代是没有塔，故特造“塔”字，佛教中的塔，是载佛骨的圣物。由于塔是载佛骨的器具，于是塔也成为佛的象征。苏频陀是佛祖最后一名弟子，他为了纪念师父，常常把塔随身携带，作为佛陀常在之意。人称[托塔罗汉]。 过

In Theravada Buddhism, the Arhat, Arahat or Arahant, translated into Chinese as Lohan, is one who has followed the Eightfold Path and has achieved deliverance of this earthly existence. He has reached "the other shore" and is saved for all eternity. In him the asavas - the craving for sensual pleasures, earthly existence, ignorance and wrong views - are gone. He is subject to no more rebirths and karma. Lohans are well-known for their great wisdom, courage and supernatural power. Due to their abilities to ward off the evil, Lohans have became guardian angels of the Buddhist temple and there in the main hall standing guard are the ever-present, indomitable-looking 18 Lohan figures, sometimes accompanied by 500 or more lesser Lohans. According to tradition, there were originally only 16 lohans. Two were added on the list by the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that the first portraits of the 18 Lohans were painted by a Buddhist monk Guan Xiu, in 891 A.D. Guan Xiu live

Buddhism is one of the world's most popular religions, and this Hindu-based belief system is moving from its traditional base in Asia and being adopted by many people in North America and Europe. Buddhist mythology centers around the teachings of "the Buddha," who attained spiritual peace and enlightenment. While Buddhists do not worship the Buddha or any other deities or icons, icons and art have become an important part of Buddhist beliefs and practice. While the figure of Buddha sitting with hands clasped is perhaps the most famous of these icons, the 18 Lohans or Arhats are also an important part of any Buddhist temple. Lohans are followers of Buddhism's "Eightfold Path" who have achieved full spiritual fulfillment. They have reached "Nirvana," the state of absolute freedom from worldly cravings, and because of this they are no longer subject to reincarnation. Their eternal status makes them akin to guardian angels, adept at warding off evil. F